--- title: "Biaxial Geogrid" date: 2025-01-17 author: "Sales Team" url: https://oceangeosynthetics.com/products/geogrid-manufacturers/biaxial-geogrid/ --- # Biaxial Geogrid ![](https://oceangeosynthetics.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/1-767x1024.jpg) A biaxial geogrid is a polymer grid with similar tensile strength along and across the roll, used mainly to stiffen granular road bases and stabilise soft subgrades. Ocean Geosynthetics supplies biaxial geogrids in polypropylene (PP) at 20, 30 and 40 kN/m and in high-tenacity polyester (PET) from 20 to 200 kN/m. This page covers how a biaxial grid works in a pavement, the grades and how to install it. For a comparison with uniaxial and other grid types, see the main [geogrid](https://oceangeosynthetics.com/products/geogrid-manufacturers/) page. ## What is a biaxial geogrid? Biaxial geogrids are made from polypropylene or polyester, with ribs in the machine direction (MD) and cross-machine direction (CD) forming regular apertures. Because strength is roughly equal in both directions, the grid suits loads that spread in all directions in plan, such as wheel loads on a road or outrigger loads on a crane platform. Where load acts in one direction only, as in a retaining wall, a uniaxial grid is used instead. ## How it works in a road base The aggregate in the base partly penetrates the apertures and locks against the ribs. When a wheel passes, the aggregate tries to move sideways and downwards; the grid holds it in place. This lateral restraint keeps the base stiffer, so it spreads the wheel load over a wider area of subgrade and the vertical stress on the subgrade falls. The practical results are less rutting for the same base thickness, or a thinner base for the same design traffic. On very soft subgrades the grid also acts as a tensioned layer that bridges weak spots, which is why it is used for working platforms where excavation and replacement would otherwise be needed. In India, the design of geosynthetic-reinforced pavements is covered by IRC:SP:59-2019, which gives the Layer Coefficient Ratio and Modulus Improvement Factor methods for use with IRC:37. Both depend on product test data, so ask for grade data before design. ## Grades Ocean supplies | Range | Ultimate tensile strength (MD/CD) | Typical use | | --- | --- | --- | | PP biaxial (OG/GG PP-2020, 3030, 4040 and larger-aperture L versions) | 20, 30, 40 kN/m | Road base and sub-base reinforcement, subgrade stabilisation, working platforms | | PET biaxial | 20, 30, 40, 60, 80, 90, 100, 150, 200 kN/m | Higher-strength stabilisation, embankment bases, load transfer platforms | Tensile properties are tested to ASTM D6637 and EN ISO 10319. The full table, including strength at 2% and 5% strain, aperture sizes and roll dimensions, is on the [geogrid page](https://oceangeosynthetics.com/products/geogrid-manufacturers/). For grids used under flexible pavements in India, IS 17371:2020 applies. ## Applications - **Roads:** base and sub-base reinforcement on highways, rural roads, industrial and plant roads, and unpaved haul roads, to reduce rutting and extend pavement life. - **Railway formations:** stabilising the sub-ballast and formation to reduce settlement under repeated axle loads. - **Working platforms:** for piling rigs and cranes on soft ground. - **Embankments and load transfer platforms:** at the base of fills over soft soil, often with higher-strength PET grades. - **Retaining walls:** as secondary reinforcement and facing wraps alongside uniaxial primary reinforcement. - **Landfills:** stabilising the cover soil in landfill capping and reinforcing the base over soft or variable ground. - **Slopes and embankments:** holding cover soil in place over steeper slopes as part of an erosion control system. ## Choosing a grade - **Compare strength at low strain.** In a road base the grid works at small strains, so tensile strength at 2% and 5% strain matters more than ultimate strength. - **Match the aperture to the aggregate.** The particles must lock into the apertures. Ocean’s PP range has standard and larger-aperture (L) versions for finer and coarser fills. - **Subgrade strength.** Softer subgrades call for higher grades, and often a separation geotextile under the grid. - **PP or PET.** PP is the usual choice for pavements and suits a wide pH range. PET gives higher strengths and lower creep but should not be used in strongly alkaline soils such as lime- or cement-stabilised layers. ## Installation in roads - Grade and compact the subgrade; remove sharp objects and fill ruts. - Place a [geotextile](https://oceangeosynthetics.com/products/geotextile-manufacturers/) separator first if the subgrade is fine-grained and wet. - Unroll the grid, pull it taut and overlap adjacent rolls as the design requires (commonly about 300 mm on firm ground, more on very soft ground). - Place aggregate by end-tipping and spreading it forward over the grid. Do not drive on the bare grid, and keep enough cover under tracked plant (commonly at least 150 mm). - Compact the base to the specified density. The grid is normally laid at the bottom of the base; in thick bases the designer may place it within the layer. ## Frequently asked questions ### Can a biaxial geogrid be used as main reinforcement in a retaining wall? Usually not. Wall reinforcement carries load in one direction, so uniaxial or high-strength polyester grids are normally specified. Biaxial grids are used for secondary reinforcement and facing wraps. ### How much granular thickness can a biaxial geogrid save? It depends on subgrade CBR, traffic and the product’s test data. Under IRC:SP:59-2019 the benefit is calculated in the pavement design, not taken as a fixed percentage. ### Do I still need a geotextile under the geogrid? On soft, fine-grained subgrades, yes. The grid’s open apertures do not stop fines pumping into the aggregate, so a nonwoven geotextile is placed underneath as a separator. ### Is a biaxial geogrid UV resistant? Grids are stabilised against UV for handling and installation, but they are designed to be buried. Keep rolls covered on site and limit exposure before cover is placed. For a grade recommendation, send us the subgrade CBR, design traffic or loading, aggregate type and quantity. Related products: [polypropylene geogrid](https://oceangeosynthetics.com/products/geogrid-manufacturers/polypropylene-geogrid/) and [geocells](https://oceangeosynthetics.com/products/geocells/). 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