--- title: "High-Density Polyethylene Sheets (HDPE)" date: 2025-01-17 author: "Sales Team" url: https://oceangeosynthetics.com/products/ocean-geomembrane/high-density-polyethylene-sheets-hdpe/ --- # High-Density Polyethylene Sheets (HDPE) ![](https://oceangeosynthetics.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/Geomembrane.jpeg) Ocean Geosynthetics manufactures and supplies **high-density polyethylene sheets (HDPE sheets)** from **0.5 mm to 3 mm** thick, in smooth and microtextured finishes, with roll sizes made to your specification. The sheets are used as geomembrane liners for canals, reservoirs, ponds, landfills and industrial containment. HDPE is a thermoplastic with a high strength-to-density ratio, broad chemical resistance and very low water absorption. This page covers the HDPE sheet itself: grades, the property values you should expect at each thickness, and how to choose between smooth and textured sheet. For an overview of all geomembrane types and applications, see [geomembrane](https://oceangeosynthetics.com/products/ocean-geomembrane/). --- ## Grades we supply - **Material:** high-density polyethylene. - **Thickness range:** 0.5 mm to 3 mm (500 to 3000 micron), custom options available. - **Surface:** smooth, or microtextured for higher friction on slopes. - **Density:** 0.940 g/cm³ or more for the finished sheet, as required by GRI-GM13. - **UV stabilization:** available for outdoor and exposed applications. - **Dimensions:** roll width and length made to project requirements. --- ## Properties by thickness (GRI-GM13, smooth sheet) GRI-GM13 is the reference specification for HDPE geomembranes worldwide, and most Indian tenders cite it alongside IS 16352:2020. The table gives the GM13 minimum average values for smooth sheet. GM13 covers 0.75 mm to 3.0 mm; IS 16352 also covers 0.5 mm smooth sheet. Ask us for the test certificate for the grade and lot you order. | Property (test method) | 0.75 mm | 1.0 mm | 1.5 mm | 2.0 mm | 2.5 mm | 3.0 mm | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Yield strength, kN/m (ASTM D6693 Type IV) | 11 | 15 | 22 | 29 | 37 | 44 | | Break strength, kN/m (ASTM D6693) | 20 | 27 | 40 | 53 | 67 | 80 | | Yield / break elongation, % (ASTM D6693) | 12 / 700 | 12 / 700 | 12 / 700 | 12 / 700 | 12 / 700 | 12 / 700 | | Tear resistance, N (ASTM D1004) | 93 | 125 | 187 | 249 | 311 | 374 | | Puncture resistance, N (ASTM D4833) | 240 | 320 | 480 | 640 | 800 | 960 | | Approx. mass, kg/m² (at 0.94 g/cm³) | 0.71 | 0.94 | 1.41 | 1.88 | 2.35 | 2.82 | Requirements that apply to every thickness: density 0.940 g/cm³ minimum (ASTM D1505 or D792), carbon black 2.0–3.0% (ASTM D4218), stress crack resistance 500 hours (ASTM D5397), and oxidative induction time of 100 minutes standard OIT (ASTM D8117) or 400 minutes high-pressure OIT (ASTM D5885). Thickness is measured by ASTM D5199, with no single reading more than 10% below nominal. --- ## Smooth vs textured HDPE sheet Our HDPE sheets are available with a microtextured surface on one or both sides. Texturing raises interface friction against soil, geotextile or a GCL, so liners and cover soil stay put on side slopes and landfill caps. GRI-GM13 requires an asperity height of at least 0.40 mm (ASTM D7466) on textured sheet, with core thickness measured by ASTM D5994. Texturing has a cost in tensile behaviour. A 1.5 mm textured sheet has the same 22 kN/m minimum yield strength as smooth sheet, but GM13 requires only 16 kN/m break strength, 100% break elongation and 400 N puncture resistance (against 40 kN/m, 700% and 480 N for smooth). Use smooth sheet on flat bases and textured sheet where slope stability depends on friction, and confirm the friction angle with ASTM D5321 shear tests on your actual soil and geosynthetics. --- ## Material properties ### 1. **Durability and impact resistance** HDPE has high impact resistance and stands up to wear in harsh site conditions. Puncture and tear resistance rise in proportion to thickness, as the table shows. ### 2. **Chemical and UV resistance** HDPE resists acids, alkalis, salts and most solvents, which is why it lines leachate ponds, ETP lagoons and oil pits. UV resistance comes from the 2–3% carbon black and the antioxidant package; GRI-GM13 checks it by measuring how much high-pressure OIT the sheet retains after 1,600 hours of UV exposure. ### 3. **Light to handle** A 1.5 mm sheet weighs about 1.4 kg/m², far less than any clay or concrete lining it replaces. That keeps transport costs down and lets crews deploy large panels quickly. ### 4. **Low water absorption** HDPE absorbs less than 0.01% water, so the sheet stays dimensionally stable when permanently wet. ### 5. **Temperature range** HDPE sheet remains serviceable from about -40°C to 80°C. Oxidation speeds up at the high end of that range, so ponds holding hot effluent need a specific design check. HDPE also expands and contracts noticeably with temperature, which is why exposed liners show wrinkles on hot afternoons and should be welded and covered at moderate temperatures. ### 6. **Long-term performance** Accelerated ageing work by the Geosynthetic Institute (GRI White Paper 6) estimated a half-life of roughly 450 years for a buried 1.5 mm GM13 sheet at 20°C. Exposed sheet ages much faster because of UV and heat, so lifetime depends heavily on whether the liner is covered. ### 7. **Recyclable** HDPE is a recyclable thermoplastic. Offcuts and trimmings can be recycled when disposed of responsibly. (GRI-GM13 does not allow post-consumer recycled resin in the sheet itself.) --- ## How to choose a thickness - **0.5–0.75 mm:** farm ponds, water-storage tanks and canal lining on well-prepared subgrade, usually covered. See [pond liners](https://oceangeosynthetics.com/products/pond-liner-manufacturers/). - **1.0 mm:** larger reservoirs, aquaculture ponds and exposed water liners where extra puncture margin is wanted. - **1.5 mm:** MSW landfill base liners (the thickness named in Schedule I of the Solid Waste Management Rules, 2016), leachate ponds, oil pits and chemical containment. - **2.0–3.0 mm:** heap leach pads, hazardous waste cells and liners under heavy point loads or high heads. Go a grade thicker if the subgrade is stony, the liner will stay exposed, or welding conditions are poor. Whatever the thickness, put a nonwoven [geotextile](https://oceangeosynthetics.com/products/geotextile-manufacturers/) cushion under the sheet on angular subgrade. --- ## Applications of HDPE sheets - **Construction and infrastructure**: lining canals, reservoirs and landfills, where impermeability and strength matter. - **Agriculture**: pond linings and irrigation storage to cut seepage losses. - **Environmental engineering**: waste containment, leachate ponds and capping, often with a [geosynthetic clay liner](https://oceangeosynthetics.com/products/geosynthetics-clay-liner/) beneath. --- ## Frequently asked questions ### What is the difference between an HDPE sheet and an HDPE geomembrane? For lining work they are the same product. “Geomembrane” is the engineering term; “HDPE sheet” and “HDPE liner” are the common trade names. ### Which standard should I specify for HDPE sheets in India? IS 16352:2020 (HDPE geomembranes for lining, smooth and textured) and GRI-GM13. Quote the thickness, surface (smooth or textured, one or both sides) and any project-specific tests such as interface shear. ### How are HDPE sheets joined on site? By hot wedge welding for long panel seams (tested by air pressure in the channel between the two weld tracks) and by extrusion welding for patches, corners and pipe boots (tested with a vacuum box). ### How much does 1 m² of 1.5 mm HDPE sheet weigh? About 1.4 kg. Multiply thickness in mm by density (about 0.94–0.95 g/cm³) to get kg/m² for any grade. ### Do you supply custom roll sizes? Yes. Thickness and roll dimensions are made to your specification. Share the area, thickness, surface finish and site location for a quote. --- ## Request a quote Tell us the application, thickness, surface finish and area, and we will send pricing and test data for the grade. See HDPE liners in use on our [case studies](https://oceangeosynthetics.com/case-studies/) page, including a [1500 micron landfill liner](https://oceangeosynthetics.com/hdpe-liner-1500-micron-landfill/). 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